Frederick II of Hesse, also known as Frederick the Great, was a German nobleman born in 1720. He ruled as the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730 until his death in 1785. Frederick II is known for his efforts to modernize his territory, promoting agriculture, education, and infrastructure development. He played a significant role in European politics during his reign, aligning with various powers, including Prussia and Austria. Frederick II's leadership contributed to the economic growth of Hesse-Kassel, making it a notable region in Germany during the 18th century.