Françoise Barré-Sinoussi is a French virologist best known for her significant contributions to the discovery of the HIV virus, which causes AIDS. In 1983, she and her team at the Institut Pasteur in Paris identified the virus, paving the way for advancements in understanding and treating the disease. In recognition of her groundbreaking work, Barré-Sinoussi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008, alongside Luc Montagnier. Her research has had a profound impact on public health and has contributed to the development of therapies that improve the lives of millions affected by HIV/AIDS.