François Édouard Anatole Lucas was a French mathematician born on April 4, 1842, in Paris. He is best known for his work in number theory and combinatorics, particularly for his contributions to the study of Fibonacci numbers and Lucas sequences. His research laid the groundwork for various mathematical concepts still explored today. Lucas also made significant advancements in the field of prime numbers. He developed the Lucas-Lehmer primality test, which is a method for determining the primality of certain numbers. His work has had a lasting impact on mathematics, influencing both theoretical research and practical applications.