Fortified cities are urban areas that have been strengthened with defensive structures to protect against attacks. These cities often feature walls, towers, and gates made from materials like stone or brick. Historically, they were built to safeguard inhabitants and resources from invaders, making them crucial during times of conflict. Many fortified cities, such as Carcassonne in France and Dubrovnik in Croatia, showcase impressive architecture and strategic designs. These cities often have a rich history and are popular tourist destinations today, allowing visitors to explore their ancient defenses and learn about their significance in past conflicts.