The Fortifications of Paris were a series of defensive structures built to protect the city from potential invasions. The most notable fortifications were constructed in the 19th century, particularly under the direction of Georges-Eugène Haussmann. These walls and bastions surrounded Paris, creating a formidable barrier against attackers. In addition to the walls, the fortifications included several forts, such as Fort de Vincennes and Fort d'Issy. These military installations were designed to house troops and artillery, enhancing the city's defense capabilities. Today, remnants of these fortifications can still be seen, reflecting Paris's rich military history.