Fortifications in England date back to ancient times, with structures like Stonehenge and Hadrian's Wall serving as early defensive measures. During the medieval period, castles became prominent, built by nobles to protect their lands and assert power. Notable examples include Windsor Castle and Tower of London, which featured thick walls, moats, and towers. In addition to castles, towns were fortified with walls and gates to defend against invasions. The English Civil War saw the construction of new fortifications, while later developments included military barracks and coastal defenses. These structures reflect England's evolving military needs throughout history.