Form controls are interactive elements used in digital forms to collect user input. They include items like text boxes, radio buttons, checkboxes, and dropdown menus. These controls help users provide information in a structured way, making it easier for websites and applications to gather data. In web development, form controls are often created using HTML elements such as <input>, <select>, and <textarea>. They can be enhanced with CSS for styling and JavaScript for added functionality, allowing for dynamic interactions and validation. Proper use of form controls improves user experience and data accuracy.