Input elements are components in a user interface that allow users to provide data or information. Common examples include text boxes, radio buttons, checkboxes, and dropdown menus. These elements are essential for gathering user responses in forms, surveys, and applications, enabling interaction between the user and the system. In web development, input elements are typically created using HTML, where each type has specific attributes and behaviors. For instance, a text box allows users to enter free-form text, while a checkbox lets users select multiple options. Proper use of input elements enhances user experience and data collection efficiency.