The Fork/Join Framework is a parallel programming model in Java designed to efficiently process large tasks by breaking them into smaller subtasks. It utilizes a divide-and-conquer approach, where tasks are recursively split into smaller pieces until they are manageable. These smaller tasks can then be executed concurrently, taking advantage of multi-core processors. At the core of the framework are two main components: the ForkJoinPool and the ForkJoinTask. The ForkJoinPool manages the execution of tasks, while the ForkJoinTask represents the individual tasks that can be forked (split) and joined (combined) once completed. This framework simplifies parallel programming and improves performance for suitable applications.