The Executor Framework is a part of the Java programming language that simplifies the management of threads. It provides a high-level API for concurrent programming, allowing developers to execute tasks asynchronously without dealing directly with thread creation and management. This framework includes interfaces like Executor, ExecutorService, and ScheduledExecutorService to handle different types of task execution. By using the Executor Framework, developers can improve the performance and scalability of their applications. It helps in managing a pool of threads, which can be reused for executing multiple tasks, thus reducing the overhead of thread creation. This leads to more efficient resource utilization and easier handling of complex concurrent operations.