Flotation is a physical process that allows objects to remain on the surface of a liquid instead of sinking. This occurs when the upward buoyant force on an object is equal to or greater than the downward force of gravity acting on it. Factors such as the object's shape, density, and the density of the liquid play a crucial role in determining whether it will float or sink. In industries like mining, flotation is used to separate valuable minerals from ore. This process involves adding chemicals to a slurry, which causes certain minerals to attach to air bubbles and rise to the surface, forming a froth. The froth can then be collected, allowing for the extraction of materials like gold or copper.