The Florentine Republic was a political entity that existed in the city of Florence, Italy, during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, primarily from 1115 to 1532. It was known for its significant contributions to art, culture, and politics, fostering renowned figures such as Dante Alighieri and Leonardo da Vinci. The republic was characterized by a complex system of governance, including a council and elected officials, which allowed for a degree of citizen participation. The republic thrived economically due to its strategic location and banking industry, particularly through the influential Medici family. The Medici played a crucial role in the political landscape, often acting as de facto rulers while supporting the arts and humanism. The Florentine Republic ultimately fell under the control of the Medici, leading to the establishment of the Duchy of Florence in 1532.