Fixed-point numbers are a way to represent real numbers in a computer using a fixed number of digits before and after the decimal point. This format allows for precise calculations, especially in applications like digital signal processing and financial calculations, where rounding errors can be problematic. The position of the decimal point is predetermined, which simplifies arithmetic operations. In contrast to floating-point numbers, which can represent a wider range of values but with variable precision, fixed-point numbers maintain a consistent scale. This makes them easier to work with in certain scenarios, such as embedded systems or microcontrollers, where memory and processing power are limited.