The First Maroon War (1728-1739) was a conflict in Jamaica between the British colonial government and the Maroons, descendants of enslaved Africans who escaped plantations. The Maroons established free communities in the mountainous regions of Jamaica and resisted British attempts to control them. The war began when the British sought to subdue these communities, leading to a series of skirmishes and guerrilla warfare. The conflict ended with the signing of the Treaty of 1739, which granted the Maroons autonomy and land in exchange for their agreement to stop raiding plantations. This treaty marked a significant moment in Jamaican history, recognizing the Maroons' rights and establishing a precedent for future negotiations between colonial powers and escaped enslaved people.