The Fifty-Ninth Congress of the United States convened from March 4, 1905, to March 4, 1907. It consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives, with a total of 46 senators and 386 representatives. This Congress was notable for addressing issues such as railroad regulation and labor rights. During this period, the Republican Party held a majority in both chambers. Key legislation included the Hepburn Act, which strengthened the government's ability to regulate railroad rates. The Fifty-Ninth Congress also saw the rise of progressive reforms aimed at improving social conditions in the country.