The Fibonacci Sequence is a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, usually starting with 0 and 1. This sequence is named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, known as Fibonacci, who introduced it to the Western world in his book Liber Abaci in 1202. The Fibonacci Sequence appears in various natural phenomena, such as the arrangement of leaves on a stem, the branching of trees, and the pattern of seeds in a sunflower. It is also closely related to the Golden Ratio, which is often found in art and architecture, showcasing the beauty of mathematics in nature and design.