The feudal system was a social and economic structure that dominated medieval Europe, particularly from the 9th to the 15th centuries. It was based on the exchange of land for service, where a king granted land, known as a fief, to nobles or lords in return for military support. These lords would then allow vassals, or lesser nobles, to work the land in exchange for protection and a share of the produce. At the bottom of the feudal hierarchy were the serfs or peasants, who worked the land and provided food. They were often bound to the land and had limited rights. This system created a rigid social structure, with clear roles and responsibilities, and was essential for maintaining order and stability during a time of frequent conflicts and invasions.