Fertility mechanisms refer to the biological processes that enable reproduction in living organisms. In humans, this involves the production of gametes, which are the sperm in males and the eggs in females. These gametes must meet during fertilization, leading to the formation of a zygote, which can develop into an embryo. In addition to gamete production, fertility is influenced by hormonal regulation, particularly through hormones like estrogen and testosterone. Factors such as age, health, and environmental conditions can also impact fertility, affecting the ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term.