Ferroelectrics are materials that exhibit a spontaneous electric polarization, meaning they can maintain an electric charge even when an external electric field is removed. This property arises from the alignment of electric dipoles within the material, which can be switched by applying an external electric field. Common examples of ferroelectric materials include barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate. These materials are widely used in various applications, such as capacitors, sensors, and actuators, due to their ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. The unique properties of ferroelectrics make them essential in modern electronics and technology, contributing to advancements in memory devices and transducers.