A boson is a type of subatomic particle that follows specific rules in physics. Unlike fermions, which make up matter and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, bosons can occupy the same space and state. This unique property allows them to play a crucial role in the forces that govern the universe, such as the strong and weak nuclear forces, as well as electromagnetism. One of the most famous bosons is the Higgs boson, discovered in 2012. This particle is essential for explaining how other particles acquire mass, making it a key component of the Standard Model of particle physics. Understanding bosons helps scientists unlock the mysteries of the universe.