Faltings' Theorem, proven by mathematician Gerd Faltings in 1983, states that there are only finitely many rational points on a smooth projective curve defined over the rational numbers, provided the curve has a genus greater than one. This result is significant in the field of number theory and has implications for understanding the distribution of rational solutions to polynomial equations. The theorem builds on earlier work in algebraic geometry and number theory, particularly the Mordell conjecture. Faltings' Theorem has influenced various areas of mathematics, including the study of Diophantine equations, which seek integer or rational solutions to polynomial equations.