Factoring is a mathematical process used to break down an expression into simpler components, called factors, that when multiplied together yield the original expression. This technique is essential in solving equations, simplifying expressions, and understanding the properties of numbers. For example, the expression x^2 - 5x + 6 can be factored into (x - 2)(x - 3) . In addition to its applications in algebra, factoring plays a crucial role in various fields such as cryptography and computer science. By understanding how to factor polynomials and other expressions, students and professionals can tackle complex problems more effectively.