A polynomial is a mathematical expression that consists of variables, coefficients, and exponents, combined using addition, subtraction, and multiplication. The general form of a polynomial is represented as a_nx^n + a_{n-1}x^n-1 + ... + a_1x + a_0, where a_n are the coefficients and n is a non-negative integer indicating the degree of the polynomial. Polynomials are fundamental in algebra and are used to model various real-world phenomena. They can be classified into different types, such as linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials, depending on their degree. Understanding polynomials is essential for solving equations and analyzing functions in higher mathematics.