Extraterrestrial microbes refer to microscopic life forms that may exist beyond Earth. Scientists are particularly interested in environments like Mars, the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and exoplanets that could harbor conditions suitable for life. These microbes could provide insights into the origins of life and the potential for life elsewhere in the universe. Research into extraterrestrial microbes involves studying extreme environments on Earth, such as hot springs and deep-sea vents, where life thrives under harsh conditions. By understanding how these organisms survive, scientists can better assess the likelihood of finding similar life forms in space, expanding our knowledge of biology and the universe.