Extraneous cognitive load refers to the unnecessary mental effort that can hinder learning and understanding. It occurs when information is presented in a way that complicates the learning process, such as through poorly designed materials or irrelevant details. This type of load distracts learners from the essential content they need to focus on. Reducing extraneous cognitive load is crucial for effective education. Techniques like simplifying instructions, using clear visuals, and eliminating distractions can help learners concentrate on the core material. By minimizing this load, educators can enhance comprehension and retention, leading to better learning outcomes.