External cylindrical grinders are machines used to shape the outer surfaces of cylindrical workpieces. They operate by rotating the workpiece against a grinding wheel, which removes material to achieve the desired dimensions and finish. These grinders are commonly used in manufacturing industries for producing precision parts. The main components of an external cylindrical grinder include the workpiece spindle, grinding wheel, and control systems. They can handle various materials, such as metals and plastics, and are essential for applications in fields like automotive and aerospace, where accuracy is crucial for components like shafts and bearings.