A surface grinder is a machine tool used to produce a smooth finish on flat surfaces. It operates by using a rotating grinding wheel to remove material from the workpiece, which is held in place on a table. This process is essential in manufacturing and metalworking, ensuring precision and accuracy in the dimensions of parts. Surface grinders come in various types, including horizontal and vertical models, each suited for different applications. They are commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and tool-making, where high-quality surface finishes are critical for performance and durability.