The ExecutorService is a high-level interface in the Java programming language that simplifies the management of concurrent tasks. It allows developers to create and manage a pool of threads, enabling efficient execution of asynchronous tasks without the need to manually handle thread creation and lifecycle management. By using the ExecutorService, developers can submit tasks for execution, which are then handled by the available threads in the pool. This approach improves resource utilization and enhances application performance, making it easier to build scalable and responsive applications that can handle multiple tasks simultaneously.