Excitotoxicity is a process where nerve cells are damaged and killed by excessive stimulation from neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate. This occurs when there is an overabundance of glutamate in the brain, leading to excessive activation of glutamate receptors. This overstimulation can result in increased calcium levels within the cells, triggering harmful biochemical processes. This phenomenon is associated with various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In these conditions, excitotoxicity contributes to neuronal death and cognitive decline. Understanding excitotoxicity is crucial for developing potential treatments to protect neurons and improve brain health.