Evolutionary science is the study of how living organisms change over time through processes like natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. It explains the diversity of life on Earth by examining how species adapt to their environments and how new species arise from common ancestors. Key figures in this field include Charles Darwin, who proposed the theory of evolution in the 19th century. Evolutionary science combines evidence from various disciplines, such as paleontology, genetics, and comparative anatomy, to understand the history of life and the relationships between different organisms.