Evolutionary genetics is the study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes in populations over time. It combines principles from both genetics and evolution, focusing on how traits are inherited and how they can change due to natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation. This field helps scientists understand the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation. Researchers in evolutionary genetics often analyze DNA sequences to identify genes associated with specific traits. By comparing genetic information across different species, they can trace evolutionary relationships and understand how organisms have evolved. This knowledge is crucial for fields like conservation biology and medicine.