European nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a specific nation or ethnic group. It emerged in the 19th century, driven by the desire for self-determination and the unification of people sharing common language, history, and traditions. Nationalist movements often sought to establish independent nation-states, leading to significant political changes across Europe. The rise of European nationalism contributed to various historical events, including the unification of Germany and Italy. It also played a role in the decline of empires, such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, as diverse ethnic groups sought autonomy and recognition of their national identities.