The Ottoman Empire was a vast and powerful state that existed from the late 13th century until the early 20th century. It originated in what is now Turkey and expanded to include parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. The empire was known for its rich culture, architecture, and significant contributions to art and science. At its height, the Ottoman Empire controlled key trade routes and major cities, including Constantinople, which became its capital. The empire was ruled by a series of sultans and was characterized by a complex administrative system. It officially ended after World War I, leading to the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey.