European military history encompasses the development of armed forces and warfare across the continent from ancient times to the present. Key events include the Roman Empire's military conquests, the Hundred Years' War between England and France, and the Napoleonic Wars, which reshaped national boundaries and military strategies. The two World Wars in the 20th century were pivotal, leading to significant political and social changes. The Cold War that followed saw military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact emerge, influencing global military dynamics. Today, European military history continues to evolve with modern conflicts and peacekeeping efforts.