European Foulbrood is a bacterial disease that affects honeybee larvae, primarily caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius. It leads to the death of young bees before they can mature, resulting in weakened colonies. Infected larvae often appear discolored and may have a foul smell, which is a key indicator of the disease. The disease is typically spread through contaminated food or equipment and can be exacerbated by poor hive management. Beekeepers can manage European Foulbrood by maintaining strong colonies, practicing good hygiene, and, in some cases, requeening to ensure healthier brood.