The European Convention refers to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), a treaty established in 1950 by the Council of Europe. It aims to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. The convention outlines various rights, including the right to life, freedom of expression, and the right to a fair trial. Countries that ratify the convention are obligated to uphold these rights and can be held accountable by the European Court of Human Rights. This court hears cases from individuals or states claiming violations of the rights protected under the convention, ensuring that justice is served across member nations.