Ethnic surnames are family names that often reflect a person's cultural, national, or linguistic background. They can indicate the geographic origin of a family, such as Italian or Chinese, and may also reveal historical occupations or social status. These names help preserve cultural identity and heritage across generations. Many ethnic surnames have specific meanings or roots in their respective languages. For example, the Spanish surname "Gonzalez" means "son of Gonzalo," while the German surname "Schmidt" translates to "smith." Understanding these names can provide insights into family history and the diverse cultures that shape societies.