The Estonian Nationalist Movement emerged in the late 19th century as a response to foreign domination, particularly by the Russian Empire. It aimed to promote Estonian culture, language, and identity, fostering a sense of national unity among the Estonian people. The movement gained momentum during the early 20th century, leading to Estonia's declaration of independence in 1918. Key figures, such as Carl Robert Jakobson and Jaan Tõnisson, played significant roles in advocating for national rights and self-determination. The movement laid the foundation for modern Estonian statehood and continues to influence Estonia's national identity today.