Estonian literature encompasses the written works produced in the Estonian language and reflects the country's rich cultural heritage. It began to take shape in the 19th century, with notable early works by authors like Carl Robert Jakobson and Lydia Koidula, who played significant roles in the national awakening and the promotion of Estonian identity. In the 20th century, Estonian literature flourished with writers such as Jaan Kross and A. H. Tammsaare, who explored themes of identity, history, and social issues. Today, contemporary authors continue to contribute to the literary landscape, showcasing Estonia's unique voice in global literature.