An escarpment is a steep slope or cliff that separates two relatively level areas of land. It often forms as a result of erosion or geological activity, creating a dramatic change in elevation. Escarpments can be found in various landscapes, including mountains, plateaus, and valleys. These landforms are significant in geography and ecology, as they can influence local climate and biodiversity. Escarpments may also serve as natural barriers, affecting human settlement and transportation. Famous examples include the Great Escarpment in South Africa and the Niagara Escarpment in North America.