Erythroxylum coca is a tropical shrub native to South America, primarily found in the Andes region. The leaves of this plant contain alkaloids, including cocaine, which is a powerful stimulant. Traditionally, indigenous peoples have chewed coca leaves for their energizing effects and to alleviate altitude sickness. Cocaine, derived from the leaves of Erythroxylum coca, is a potent central nervous system stimulant. It is commonly used in medical settings as a local anesthetic but is also known for its potential for abuse and addiction. The illegal use of cocaine poses significant health risks and societal challenges.