Ernst II was a German nobleman who served as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1893 until his death in 1914. He was born on June 21, 1866, and was a member of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, a prominent family in European royalty. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the duchy and improve its economy. During his time as duke, Ernst II was known for his interest in culture and the arts, supporting various initiatives in education and public welfare. He was also related to several other royal families across Europe, including Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, which further solidified his family's connections within the continent's aristocracy.