Ernst Boris Chain was a German-born biochemist known for his significant contributions to the field of antibiotics. He is best recognized for his role in the development of penicillin, which revolutionized medicine by providing an effective treatment for bacterial infections. Chain's work, alongside that of Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey, helped to establish the importance of antibiotics in healthcare. Born on June 19, 1906, in Berlin, Chain later moved to the United Kingdom, where he conducted much of his research. In 1945, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his efforts in the development of penicillin, which has saved countless lives since its introduction.