The Erdős–Stone Theorem is a fundamental result in graph theory that describes the relationship between the number of edges in a graph and the presence of certain subgraphs. Specifically, it provides a way to determine the minimum number of edges required in a graph to ensure that a particular complete graph or complete bipartite graph appears as a subgraph. This theorem was developed by mathematicians Paul Erdős and László Stone in the 1940s. It extends the ideas of Turán's theorem, which focuses on avoiding complete subgraphs, and is crucial for understanding extremal graph theory, which studies how graph properties change with varying edge counts.