Equitable doctrines are legal principles that guide courts in making fair decisions, especially when strict application of the law may lead to unjust outcomes. These doctrines aim to achieve fairness and justice, often focusing on the intentions of the parties involved rather than just the letter of the law. Common equitable doctrines include promissory estoppel, which prevents a party from going back on a promise that another party relied upon, and unjust enrichment, which ensures that one party does not unfairly benefit at the expense of another. These doctrines help maintain balance and fairness in legal proceedings.