Legal doctrines are established principles or frameworks that guide the interpretation and application of laws. They help courts and legal professionals understand how to approach specific legal issues, ensuring consistency and predictability in legal outcomes. Examples of legal doctrines include stare decisis, which emphasizes following precedents set by previous court decisions, and res judicata, which prevents the same case from being tried again once it has been resolved. These doctrines are essential for maintaining order within the legal system, as they provide a foundation for legal reasoning and decision-making. By adhering to these principles, judges and lawyers can navigate complex legal matters more effectively, ultimately promoting fairness and justice in society.