Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a virus that primarily affects horses, causing a disease known as equine viral arteritis. It is a member of the Arterivirus family and can lead to symptoms such as fever, swelling of the limbs, and respiratory issues. The virus is mainly transmitted through respiratory secretions and can also spread through infected semen. Infected horses can become carriers, shedding the virus without showing symptoms. Vaccination is available to help control the spread of EAV, particularly in breeding populations. Understanding the virus is crucial for managing equine health and preventing outbreaks in horse populations.