Epidemiological modeling is a scientific method used to understand how diseases spread within populations. By using mathematical equations and simulations, researchers can predict the course of an outbreak, identify high-risk groups, and evaluate the potential impact of interventions like vaccinations or social distancing. These models help public health officials make informed decisions during epidemics or pandemics, such as those caused by viruses or bacteria. By analyzing data on infection rates, recovery, and transmission, epidemiological models provide valuable insights that guide strategies to control and prevent disease outbreaks.