The English Revolution, also known as the English Civil War, took place in the mid-17th century, primarily between 1642 and 1651. It was a conflict between the supporters of King Charles I and those who sought to limit his power, including the Parliamentarians led by figures like Oliver Cromwell. The war resulted in significant political changes, including the temporary overthrow of the monarchy. The revolution led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of England in 1649, a republican form of government. After the execution of Charles I, England experienced a period of military rule under Cromwell until the monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II.