Endemism refers to the ecological state where a species is native to and restricted to a specific geographic area. This can occur at various scales, from a single island to an entire continent. Endemic species often evolve in isolation, leading to unique adaptations that distinguish them from similar species found elsewhere. For example, the Galápagos Islands are famous for their endemic species, such as the Galápagos tortoise and the Darwin's finches. These species have developed distinct traits due to the islands' unique environments, illustrating how endemism contributes to biodiversity and ecological balance in specific regions.